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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 8-9) - Physics

Here, you will learn some English words related to Physics that are necessary for the Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
electromagnetism

a branch of physics that studies the relationship between electric and magnetic fields, encompassing the electromagnetic force and electromagnetic interactions

Ex: The study of electromagnetism is integral to understanding the nature of light, electricity, and magnetism in the universe. 
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pneumatics

a branch of engineering and physics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases, especially air, and the application of pressurized air to produce motion or mechanical effects

Ex: Pneumatics is commonly used in industries for operating tools and machinery using compressed air. 
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diffraction

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

Ex: Diffraction of light produces patterns of alternating dark and bright regions when it encounters a narrow slit or passes through an obstacle. 
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string theory

a scientific idea that all particles are tiny vibrating strings, not point-like dots, and these vibrations create different particles and forces

Ex: String theory proposes that the basic building blocks of the universe are tiny, vibrating strings rather than point-like particles. 
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quark
quark
[noun]

a fundamental particle combining to form protons and neutrons, with fractional electric charge and six flavors

Ex: Quarks are the smallest known particles, forming the building blocks of protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei. 
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lepton
lepton
[noun]

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

Ex: Leptons are elementary particles that include electrons, muons, tau particles, and their associated neutrinos. 
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hadron
hadron
[noun]

a tiny particle made up of even smaller parts called quarks, like protons and neutrons

Ex: Hadrons are subject to the strong nuclear force, the fundamental interaction that binds quarks together. 
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velocity
velocity
[noun]

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

Ex: The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to time. 
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amplitude
amplitude
[noun]

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

Ex: In physics, amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position. 
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fermion
fermion
[noun]

tiny particles that make up matter and have a property called spin, like the building blocks of atoms

Ex: Electrons, which orbit the nucleus of an atom, are examples of fermions. 
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boson
boson
[noun]

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

Ex: Photons, particles of light, are examples of bosons that carry the electromagnetic force. 
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centripetal force

the force that acts on an object moving in a circular path, directed toward the center of the circle or the axis of rotation, preventing the object from moving in a straight line

Ex: When you swing a ball attached to a string in a circular motion, the tension in the string acts as the centripetal force. 
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coulomb
coulomb
[noun]

the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the charge transported by a constant current of one ampere in one second

Ex: One coulomb is equivalent to the charge transported by a current of one ampere in one second. 
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doppler effect

the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave, producing a shift in pitch or color

Ex: The Doppler effect explains why the pitch of an ambulance siren changes as it approaches and then passes by. 
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kinetic energy

the energy possessed by an object due to its motion, defined as one-half the mass of the object multiplied by the square of its velocity, expressed by the equation KE = 0.5 * m * v^2

Ex: When a car is in motion, its kinetic energy depends on both its mass and speed. 
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