Cambridge IELTS 18 - آکادمیک - آزمون 2 - شنیدن - بخش 3 (1)

causing a great deal of harm, suffering, or damage

a mountain with an opening on its top, from which melted rock and ash can be pushed out into the air

to understand something, especially when it may initially appear confusing or unclear

important or great enough to be noticed or have an impact

anything that takes place, particularly something important

exceptionally large or extensive in scope, degree, or impact

a fact or piece of information gathered by noticing or watching something carefully

having the same quality, level, or effect throughout

a detailed record or narrative description of events that have occurred

a set of specialized terms that are used in a specific science, art, business, or profession

one of a network of observation posts where meteorological data is recorded

to create a company or organization with the intention of running it over the long term

during a specific period in the past

a suspension of fine particles, such as dust, smoke, or moisture, in the air, causing reduced visibility

related to or formed by the activity of volcanoes

an atmosphere in which visibility is reduced because of a cloud of some substance

to extend or increase in influence or effect over a larger area or group of people

in all parts of a place, group, or area

to have a sudden or complete understanding of a fact or situation

relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

a distinct period of history or culture, or a specific moment or duration of time

(chemistry) a yellow, tasteless, odorless nonmetallic element found in many minerals and in volcanic regions

having a noticeable odor of a particular kind

a length of time defined by the repetition of a process or phenomenon

to say or feel that someone or something is responsible for a mistake or problem

a rise in something's amount, degree, size, etc.

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin

a senior diplomatic official who represents their country in another country or at an international organization

to acknowledge someone as the source, agent, or possessor of an action, achievement, or quality

used to convey that something seems to be true based on the available evidence or information

a scientist who studies the natural world, including plants, animals, and ecosystems

to try to find information in a dictionary, computer, etc.

without assistance from others

arising directly from a specific cause or reason, without any intervening factors

in a way that is easily understandable or noticeable

extremely large in degree or intensity

to think or believe that it is possible for something to happen or for someone to do something

the gray or black powdery residue left after something has burned

to move slowly and smoothly through air or water, especially when carried by a current

in a quick or immediate way

having an extreme or intense quality

a visual or oral communication delivered to an audience, often using slides or other aids, to inform or persuade

remaining after part of something has been used, taken, or dealt with

information or context necessary to understand a situation, event, or problem

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

to think or believe that something is possible or true, without being sure

causing severe damage, destruction, or emotional distress

a phenomenon or event that follows from and is caused by a previous action or occurrence

not influenced or derived from something else

a book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to

with changes or occurrences happening every hour or during each passing hour

to do something before someone else gets the chance to do it