Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)

regarding or affecting the entire world

the quality or state of being significant or having a strong influence on something

an area of land characterized by its soil, water, and vegetation, where the water table is at or near the surface for a significant part of the year

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

(of things) being in a specific place or thing

having or made of several parts

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

unlike anything else and distinguished by individuality

in regard to what someone has said or written

a financial institution that sells shares to individuals and invests in securities issued by other companies

to no longer exist or be used

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

the process of removing excess water or other liquids from an area or system, typically through a network of pipes, channels, or natural slopes

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

a brownish substance, often found under the ground or in regions with wet climate, formed by plants dying and becoming buried, that once added to the soil, can enhance its quality and help plants grow faster

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

to physically harm something

related to the practice or science of farming

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

any substance that is harmful to the environment

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

to come together in a place, typically for a specific purpose or activity

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

used to indicate a logical result or effect

large in quantity, extent, or degree

related to the study or depiction of events, people, or objects from the past

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

the state of being healthy, safe, and feeling content

a very large indefinite number (usually hyperbole)

having the highest importance or influence

a geologist skilled in hydrology

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

the business of using the land to grow and take care of crops and livestock

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

having great importance, often having a significant impact on the outcome of a situation

the means whereby some act is accomplished

to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

a person in a leadership or authority position within a specific organization or group

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

to focus or direct something towards a specific target

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

very high in intensity or degree

the fact or presence of water covering a part of land that is typically dry

a place or building that is meant to provide protection against danger or bad weather

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

to bring something back into existence or operation, especially after a period of inactivity or decline

to experience a reduction or decrease in the quantity or amount of something

to put a seed, plant, etc. in the ground to grow

something that acts like a shield or barrier to protect from harm, damage, or stress