Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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global [adjective]

regarding or affecting the entire world

Ex: The company operates on a global scale , with offices and operations in multiple countries .

importance [noun]

the quality or state of being significant or having a strong influence on something

Ex: The importance of teamwork was highlighted during the project .

wetland [noun]

an area of land characterized by its soil, water, and vegetation, where the water table is at or near the surface for a significant part of the year

Ex: Wetlands play a crucial role in water purification , filtering pollutants and sediments from runoff .

soil [noun]

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

Ex: Heavy rains can cause the soil to erode , affecting crop yields .

present [adjective]

(of things) being in a specific place or thing

Ex: The fire alarms were present but failed to activate during the drill .

complex [adjective]

having or made of several parts

Ex: The project required a complex strategy involving various departments .

ecosystem [noun]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

Ex: Human activities like deforestation can disrupt fragile ecosystems and lead to biodiversity loss .

unique [adjective]

unlike anything else and distinguished by individuality

Ex: Her unique way of always seeing the positive in every situation makes her stand out .

according to [preposition]

in regard to what someone has said or written

Ex: The book , according to the author , offers a unique perspective on the subject .

fund [noun]

a financial entity that pools investors' money and invests it in securities

Ex: They reviewed the fund 's performance over the last quarter .

to disappear [verb]

to no longer exist or be used

Ex: As technology advanced , landline phones began to disappear .

to convert [verb]

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

Ex: They plan to convert the old warehouse into a modern art gallery .

commercial [adjective]

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

Ex: This product is designed for the commercial use , not for private households .

drainage [noun]

the process of removing excess water or other liquids from an area or system, typically through a network of pipes, channels, or natural slopes

Ex: The contractor ensured that the drainage around the building was designed to avoid any water damage .

scheme [noun]

an organized and carefully planned course of action

Ex:

extraction [noun]

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

mineral [noun]

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

Ex: The geologist discovered a new mineral deposit in the mountain range .

peat [noun]

a brownish substance, often found under the ground or in regions with wet climate, formed by plants dying and becoming buried, that once added to the soil, can enhance its quality and help plants grow faster

Ex:

to remain [verb]

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

Ex: When the cake was cut , only a small slice remained .

to damage [verb]

to physically harm something

Ex: Using the wrong cleaning solution may damage the delicate fabric .

agricultural [adjective]

related to the practice or science of farming

Ex: Agricultural land is often characterized by vast fields of crops such as corn , wheat , and soybeans .

pesticide [noun]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

Ex: Excessive use of pesticides can harm beneficial insects and the environment .

fertiliser [noun]

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

industrial [adjective]

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

Ex: Environmental regulations aim to mitigate the impact of industrial activities on air and water quality .

pollutant [noun]

any substance that is harmful to the environment

Ex: Water pollutants , such as pesticides and heavy metals , can harm aquatic ecosystems .

construction [noun]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

Ex: Safety regulations are critical during construction projects .

to gather [verb]

to come together in a place, typically for a specific purpose or activity

Ex:

fertile [adjective]

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

Ex: The ancient civilizations settled near fertile river valleys , where they could grow crops and sustain large populations .

to play [verb]

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

Ex: Individuals can play their part by practicing sustainable habits such as recycling and conserving energy .

development [noun]

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

Ex: The child 's language development was impressive for his age .

consequently [adverb]

used to indicate a logical result or effect

Ex: The team neglected to conduct thorough testing , and consequently , several critical errors emerged in the final product .

considerable [adjective]

large in quantity, extent, or degree

Ex: The storm left a considerable amount of debris scattered across the neighborhood .

historical [adjective]

related to the study or depiction of events, people, or objects from the past

Ex: The documentary provided a detailed account of historical events during the war .

archeological [adjective]

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

Ex: The archeological dig revealed the remains of a Neolithic settlement beneath the modern town .

livelihood [noun]

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

Ex: Small businesses such as shops and restaurants are vital for urban dwellers ' livelihoods , offering employment opportunities and goods and services .

well-being [noun]

the state of being healthy, safe, and feeling content

million [noun]

a very large indefinite number (usually hyperbole)

principal [adjective]

having the highest importance or influence

Ex: The principal character in the story undergoes a significant transformation .

hydrologist [noun]

a geologist skilled in hydrology

institute [noun]

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

developing country [noun]

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

Ex: The government of the developing country implemented policies to attract foreign investment .

dependent on [adjective]

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

agriculture [noun]

the business of using the land to grow and take care of crops and livestock

to serve [verb]

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

Ex: These experiments serve no useful purpose .

crucial [adjective]

having great importance, often having a significant impact on the outcome of a situation

Ex: Following safety protocols is crucial in high-risk environments .

tool [noun]

the means whereby some act is accomplished

to mitigate [verb]

to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

Ex: Timely intervention has mitigated the consequences of the economic downturn .

head [noun]

a person in a leadership or authority position within a specific organization or group

Ex: She worked hard and became the head of her unit .

adaptation [noun]

the process by which organisms evolve traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment

Ex: Adaptation to drought enables certain plants to thrive in deserts .

to point [verb]

to focus or direct something towards a specific target

Ex: The archer pointed his arrow at the bullseye on the target .

coastal [adjective]

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

Ex: The coastal region is home to diverse marine life , including fish , dolphins , and seabirds .

extreme [adjective]

very high in intensity or degree

Ex: The region experienced extreme drought , leading to water shortages and crop failures .

flooding [noun]

the fact or presence of water covering a part of land that is typically dry

Ex: Flash flooding in urban areas can cause traffic disruptions and property damage .

shelter [noun]

a structure offering protection and privacy from danger

Ex: Soldiers constructed a temporary shelter for the night .

agency [noun]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

Ex:

to restore [verb]

to bring something back into existence or operation, especially after a period of inactivity or decline

Ex: The government 's initiative aims to restore confidence in the economy through strategic investments .

to lose [verb]

to experience a reduction or decrease in the quantity or amount of something

Ex: She 's been following a strict diet and exercise routine to lose weight .

to plant [verb]

to put a seed, plant, etc. in the ground to grow

Ex: The children were excited to plant pumpkin seeds and watch them grow .

buffer [noun]

something that acts like a shield or barrier to protect from harm, damage, or stress

Ex: The wall works as a buffer to reduce noise .

Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
Test 1 - Listening - Part 1	Test 1 - Listening - Part 2	Test 1 - Listening - Part 3 (1)	Test 1 - Listening - Part 3 (2)
Test 1 - Listening - Part 4 (1)	Test 1 - Listening - Part 4 (2)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)
Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (3)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)
Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (3)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 1	Test 2 - Listening - Part 2 (1)
Test 2 - Listening - Part 2 (2)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 3 (1)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 3 (2)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 4 (1)
Test 2 - Listening - Part 4 (2)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (3)
Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 (3)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)
Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (3)	Test 3 - Listening - Part 1	Test 3 - Listening - Part 2 (1)
Test 3 - Listening - Part 2 (2)	Test 3 - Listening - Part 3 (1)	Test 3 - Listening - Part 3 (2)	Test 3 - Listening - Part 4 (1)
Test 3 - Listening - Part 4 (2)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (3)
Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (3)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)
Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (3)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (4)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 1 (1)
Test 4 - Listening - Part 1 (2)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 2 (1)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 2 (2)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 3 (1)
Test 4 - Listening - Part 3 (2)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 4 (1)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 4 (2)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 4 (3)
Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (3)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)
Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (3)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (4)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)
Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (3)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (4)