Food Ingredients - Parts and Types of Fruits and Vegetables

Here you will learn some English words related to the different parts and types of fruits and vegetables such as "stem", "pulp", and "legume".

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Food Ingredients
edible [adjective]

safe or suitable for consumption as food

Ex: Some plants look pretty but are not edible .
inedible [adjective]

not capable of being eaten or is not safe for consumption

Ex: We found an inedible plant in the garden and decided to remove it for safety reasons .
achene [noun]

a small, dry fruit that typically contains a single seed and is often surrounded by a hardened outer layer

Ex: They planted the achene in the soil , hoping it would grow into a beautiful flower .
legume [noun]

the pod of a bean, pea, or similar plant that contains seeds

Ex:
nut [noun]

a small fruit with a seed inside a hard shell that grows on some trees

Ex: She sprinkled chopped almonds , a healthy nut , over her morning oatmeal .

a one-seeded fruit where the seed is fused with the fruit wall, commonly found in grasses and grains

Ex: We examined the caryopsis of the rice grain under the microscope , observing its unique structure .
drupe [noun]

a type of fruit that consists of an outer fleshy layer, a hard inner shell, and a single seed

Ex:
capsule [noun]

a dry, hard covering type of fruit that splits open to release seeds, such as in poppy seeds or okra

Ex: The children collected capsules from the oak trees , playing a game to see whose capsule would burst open first .

a type of fruit that has a hard, pit-like stone (or seed) surrounded by fleshy edible fruit

Ex: Her favorite among all the stone fruits is the peach .
pome [noun]

a fruit with a central core surrounded by a fleshy layer

Ex: He picked a ripe apple from the tree , enjoying the crispness of the pome .
citrus [noun]

any fruit with a sour taste, such as oranges, limes, and tangerines

Ex:

a cluster of small individual fruits that develop from separate ovaries within a single flower

Ex: She enjoyed the juicy sweetness of raspberries , an aggregate fruit .

a fruit formed from the fused ovaries of multiple flowers

Ex: She enjoyed a delicious smoothie made with a blend of multiple fruits .

a type of fruit where the flesh comes from tissues other than the ovary

Ex: The children were excited to try the unusual-looking dragon fruit , an exotic accessory fruit .
seedless [adjective]

not containing any seeds

Ex: I could n't resist the temptation of buying a bag of seedless tangerines .
leafy [adjective]

having an abundance of leaves or characterized by the presence of leaves

Ex:

a variety of leafy vegetables that are commonly used as the base for salads

Ex: My grandfather enjoys growing his own salad greens in his backyard garden .
bulb [noun]

the ball-shaped root of some plants that grows anew every year

Ex: In spring , the tulip bulb sprouted leaves and eventually bloomed into vibrant flowers .
stem [noun]

the main part of a plant that connects the roots to the twigs, leaves, and flowers

Ex: The gardener trimmed the stem of the rose bush to promote new growth and healthier blooms .
root [noun]

the underground part of a plant that absorbs water and minerals, sending it to other parts

Ex: The root of the vegetable was harvested , revealing a crisp and fresh produce ready for cooking .
tuber [noun]

a swollen, underground stem or root of a plant that stores nutrients

Ex: The chef used the horseradish tuber to add a kick of flavor to her signature sauce .
tuberous [adjective]

having or resembling tubers, which are thickened, fleshy underground stems or roots

Ex: It was a delight to see the tuberous vines of the morning glory climbing up the garden fence .
marrow [noun]

a large long vegetable of the squash family with green skin and white flesh, grown on the ground

Ex: My mother added diced marrow to a summer salad , providing a refreshing and nutritious element to the mix .
core [noun]

the central part of a fruit that typically contains seeds, like in apples, pears, and pineapples

Ex: They used a special tool to effortlessly remove the core of the pear .
dextrose [noun]

a simple sugar that is commonly used as a sweetener or a source of energy in various food and medical products

Ex: My mother always keeps a jar of dextrose in my pantry for baking cookies and cakes .
flesh [noun]

the soft, edible part of a fruit beneath the skin

Ex: Watermelon flesh is mostly water and natural sugar .
hull [noun]

the outer covering or shell of a seed or fruit

Ex: He carefully removed the hull of the walnut before cracking it open .
juice [noun]

the liquid inside fruits and vegetables or the drink that we make from them

Ex:
nectar [noun]

a sweet, liquid substance produced by flowers and used by insects as a source of energy

Ex: She carefully collected the nectar from the blooming flowers to make a delicious homemade honey .
pectin [noun]

a natural substance found in fruits that is used as a thickening agent in food preparation

Ex: I bought pectin at the store to make my own jelly from fresh fruits .
peel [noun]

the outer skin or layer of a fruit or vegetable

Ex:
pip [noun]

a tiny hard seed that is found in some fruits such as an apple, peach, etc.

Ex:
pit [noun]

a small, hard seed or stone found inside certain fruits, such as peaches and cherries

Ex:
pith [noun]

the spongy tissue found inside the stems and branches of plants

Ex: We collected samples of pith from different plants to compare their properties .
pulp [noun]

the soft, fibrous part of a fruit or vegetable

Ex: He carefully removed the pomegranate seeds , leaving behind the vibrant red pulp .
rind [noun]

the tough outer covering or skin of a fruit or vegetables

Ex: As the sun beat down , they relaxed on the beach , sipping on cold beverages with slices of lime rind floating on top .
seed [noun]

a small, hard object produced by a fruit or vegetable that can grow into a new one

Ex: He decided to start his own vegetable garden by ordering organic seeds online .
segment [noun]

an easily separable inner section of a fruit such as an orange or lemon

Ex: He ate a segment of the grapefruit .
skin [noun]

the outer layer that covers a fruit, seed, or vegetable

Ex: The thick and tough skin of the pineapple protected its sweet and tangy flesh .
stalk [noun]

the slender, elongated part of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, or fruits

Ex: As she prepared the celery for a salad , she trimmed the leafy stalks and discarded the tougher parts .
stone [noun]

the hard inner layer of certain fruits that contains the seed, usually woody

Ex: He cracked the olive stone to get the seed .
zest [noun]

the flavorful outer layer of citrus fruit peel used to add tangy taste to dishes

Ex: I always keep some orange zest on hand to enhance the flavor of my favorite desserts.
cob [noun]

a small, round nut with a hard shell, known for its rich flavor and used in cooking and snacks

Ex: I found a cob of hazelnuts lying on the ground and eagerly started shelling them .
corncob [noun]

the central cylindrical part of the corn ear that is covered in tightly packed kernelsn

Ex: The chickens pecked at the corncob , eagerly devouring the remaining bits of corn .
eye [noun]

a small opening or indentation on the surface of certain fruits or vegetables, often associated with the attachment point or reproductive structures, such as in potatoes, pineapples, and beans

Ex: She examined the potato closely , noticing the small eye where a new sprout would eventually emerge .
floret [noun]

a small flower or cluster of flowers that form the flowering head of vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, commonly used in culinary applications

Ex: He picked off the tiny florets from the cauliflower head to use in his salad .
top [noun]

the edible leafy greens or uppermost part of certain plants, used in culinary applications

Ex:

the tissue within a seed that provides nourishment to the developing embryo

Ex: The researcher studied the endosperm of various seeds , aiming to understand its role in plant development and nutrition .
mesocarp [noun]

the middle layer of a fruit found between the outer skin and the inner core or seed, typically fleshy in texture

Ex: The children eagerly bit into the peach, savoring the delicate and velvety mesocarp.

the protective outer covering of a seed

Ex: I carefully removed the seed coat of the pumpkin seed before roasting it for a tasty snack .
exocarp [noun]

the outermost layer or skin of a fruit

Ex: As I cut into the exocarp of the pineapple , its tropical aroma filled the room , making my mouth water .
pericarp [noun]

all the layers of tissue that make up the wall of a fruit

Ex: As the peach ripened , its pericarp softened and its sweet aroma filled the room .
fleshy [adjective]

(of plant or fruit tissue) soft, juicy, and succulent, often with a high water content

Ex: The children enjoyed the fleshy pulp of the mango , their faces smeared with its sweet and sticky juice .
glace [adjective]

preserved or enhanced in flavor and appearance through the application of a sugary syrup or glaze

Ex:
overripe [adjective]

(of fruits or vegetables) excessively ripe or beyond the point of optimal freshness

Ex:
pitted [adjective]

(of a fruit) having the stone, pit, or seed removed

Ex:
ripe [adjective]

(of fruit or crop) fully developed and ready for consumption

Ex: The ripe strawberries were bursting with juicy sweetness .
seasonal [adjective]

typical or customary for a specific time of year

Ex: She decorated her home with seasonal decorations for Halloween .
sun-dried [adjective]

(particularly of food) having been dried in the sun

Ex: I discovered a new recipe that called for sun-dried cranberries .