剑桥英语:CPE(C2 熟练度) - 政治与社会结构

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剑桥英语:CPE(C2 熟练度)
aristocracy [名词]
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贵族

Ex: Throughout history , the aristocracy has held significant political power .

纵观历史,贵族一直掌握着重要的政治权力。

bourgeois [形容词]
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资产阶级的

Ex: Revolutionary leaders denounced the bourgeois lifestyle as a symbol of inequality .

革命领袖谴责资产阶级生活方式是不平等的象征。

cabal [名词]
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阴谋

Ex: Rumors spread of a cabal working behind the scenes to rig the election .

有传言称,一个阴谋集团在幕后操纵选举。

caste [名词]
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种姓

Ex: Caste discrimination remains a significant issue in many parts of the world , leading to social inequalities and injustices .

种姓歧视仍然是世界许多地区的一个重大问题,导致社会不平等和不公正。

clientele [名词]
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客户群

Ex: He built a loyal clientele by offering personalized legal advice .

他通过提供个性化的法律建议建立了一个忠实的客户群

clique [名词]
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小圈子

Ex: Despite being invited to the party , she felt like an outsider as she observed the tight-knit clique chatting and laughing amongst themselves .

尽管被邀请参加派对,当她观察到紧密的小圈子在自己聊天和笑时,她感觉自己像个局外人。

junta [名词]
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军政府

Ex: The junta justified its actions by claiming it was necessary to restore order in the country .

军政府通过声称有必要恢复国家秩序来为其行为辩护。

oligarchy [名词]
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寡头政治

Ex: The country 's political system evolved into an oligarchy , with a wealthy elite controlling key decision-making processes .

该国的政治制度演变成了寡头政治,由富裕的精英控制着关键的决策过程。

plutocracy [名词]
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财阀统治

Ex: The history of the nation is marked by periods of plutocracy , with wealthy industrialists shaping economic policies to their advantage .

这个国家的历史以富豪统治时期为标志,富有的实业家们塑造了有利于他们的经济政策。

quorum [名词]
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法定人数

Ex: According to the organization 's bylaws , at least 50 % of members must be present to establish a quorum for voting on important decisions .

根据该组织的章程,至少50%的成员必须出席才能建立法定人数以对重要决定进行投票。

coterie [名词]
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小圈子

Ex: She was part of a coterie of fashion enthusiasts who attended all the major runway shows .

她是一个参加所有主要时装秀的时尚爱好者小圈子的一员。

apolitical [形容词]
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不关心政治的

Ex: Despite working in the political realm , Jane remained apolitical , focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party .

尽管在政治领域工作,简仍然不关心政治,只专注于人道主义努力,而不是与任何政党结盟。

to caucus [动词]
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举行核心会议

Ex: Delegates caucused throughout the night to finalize the platform .

代表们整夜举行核心会议以最终确定平台。

fiat [名词]
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法令

Ex: By judicial fiat , the property was transferred to its rightful owner .

通过司法命令,该财产被转移给了其合法所有者。

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操纵选区划分

Ex: The lawmakers are currently gerrymandering the voting districts to gain an electoral advantage .

立法者目前正在划分选区以获得选举优势。

partisan [形容词]
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党派的

Ex: Partisan politics often lead to gridlock and polarization within government institutions .

党派政治常常导致政府机构内的僵局和两极分化。

sedition [名词]
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煽动叛乱

Ex: The political leader faced charges of sedition for delivering a speech encouraging mass protests against the ruling regime .

这位政治领导人因发表鼓励大规模抗议统治政权的演讲而面临煽动叛乱的指控。

suffrage [名词]
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选举权

Ex: Women 's suffrage was a pivotal movement in the early 20th century .

妇女的选举权是20世纪初的一项关键运动。

mandate [名词]
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授权书

Ex: By royal mandate , the festival was postponed until further notice .

根据皇家授权,节日被推迟,直至另行通知。

prerogative [名词]
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特权

Ex: Hiring new staff is the manager 's sole prerogative .

雇佣新员工是经理的专属特权

ascendancy [名词]
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优势

Ex: The political party 's ascendancy lasted for more than two decades .

该政党的优势持续了二十多年。

demotic [形容词]
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通俗的

Ex: His demotic manner of speaking helped him win public trust .

通俗的说话方式帮助他赢得了公众的信任。

ethnocentric [形容词]
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民族中心主义的

Ex: His ethnocentric attitude made it difficult for him to appreciate other cultures .

他的民族中心主义态度使他难以欣赏其他文化。

ivory tower [名词]
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象牙塔

Ex: The professor 's theories are intriguing , but they often come across as ivory tower ideas that do n't consider real-world constraints .

教授的理論很有趣,但它們經常被視為不考慮現實世界限制的象牙塔想法。

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to be in control and have absolute power in a group or in a situation

Ex: The CEO 's authoritative presence and decisive actions allowed him to rule the roost and steer the company towards unprecedented success .
schism [名词]
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分裂

Ex: Historical schisms often reshape societies and lead to significant cultural shifts .

历史上的分裂常常重塑社会并导致重大的文化转变。

demagogue [名词]
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煽动者

Ex: History is filled with examples of demagogues who manipulated the masses through charismatic speeches and appeals to populism .

历史上充满了通过魅力演讲和诉诸民粹主义来操纵群众的煽动者的例子。

despot [名词]
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暴君

Ex: The despot ruled the country with an iron fist , suppressing any form of dissent .

暴君用铁腕统治国家,压制任何形式的异议。

beholden [形容词]
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感激的

Ex: After receiving help from her neighbor during a crisis , she felt beholden to repay the kindness .

在危机期间得到邻居的帮助后,她感到有义务回报这份善意。

backlash [名词]
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负面反应

Ex: The celebrity faced backlash for comments made during the interview .

这位名人因在采访中发表的言论而面临强烈反对

milieu [名词]
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环境

Ex: The bustling streets of New York City provided the perfect milieu for aspiring artists and musicians .

纽约市繁华的街道为有抱负的艺术家和音乐家提供了完美的环境

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to adopt a different policy in face of a difficult or unexpected problem

Ex: Some political analysts warned that introducing a new healthcare plan halfway through the legislative session would be changing horses in midstream and jeopardize the chances of passing any reform that year .
distaff [形容词]
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女性的

Ex: Distaff roles in the company have expanded recently .

公司中的女性角色最近扩大了。