剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度） - 敌意、性情 & 攻击性

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choleric

[形容词]

easily angered or irritated

易怒的, 暴躁的

Ex: His choleric attitude often led to tense situations in meetings .他**易怒的**态度经常导致会议中出现紧张局面。

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churlish

[形容词]

rude, ill-mannered, or surly in behavior

粗鲁的, 无礼的

Ex: The churlish attitude of the teenager towards his parents often caused tension in the household .青少年对父母的**粗鲁**态度经常引起家庭紧张。

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contentious

[形容词]

inclined to argue or provoke disagreement

有争议的, 好争论的

Ex: As a contentious debater , he enjoyed challenging opposing viewpoints in intellectual discussions .作为一个**好争论的**辩论者，他喜欢在智力讨论中挑战相反的观点。

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fractious

[形容词]

unruly, defiant, or unwilling to submit to rules or leadership

桀骜不驯的, 不守规矩的

Ex: The teacher had a hard time on the first day with a particularly fractious student who would n't stay seated .一群**难以管束的**人群聚集在法院外。

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irascible

[形容词]

showing signs of anger

Ex: Critics saw the irascible author 's work as marred by an angry , bitter streak that characterized his writing .

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petulant

[形容词]

showing sudden impatience, especially over minor matters

Ex: He gave a petulant shrug when asked about his late assignment submission .

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sardonic

[形容词]

humorous in a manner that is cruel and disrespectful

讽刺的, 嘲笑的

Ex: The comedian 's sardonic jokes about current events crossed the line from humor to outright insult .喜剧演员关于当前事件的**讽刺**笑话从幽默越界到了 outright insult.

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fretful

[形容词]

irritable or agitated, often expressing dissatisfaction or annoyance with trivial matters

烦躁的, 不安的

Ex: The fretful parent nitpicked every detail of the family vacation , from the accommodations to the itinerary , making it difficult for everyone to enjoy the trip .**烦躁的**家长对家庭假期的每一个细节都吹毛求疵，从住宿到行程安排，让每个人都难以享受旅行。

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huffy

[形容词]

easily offended or quick to take things personally

易怒的, 敏感的

Ex: You know how huffy she gets over minor details .你知道她因为小细节变得多么**易怒**。

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peevish

[形容词]

easily irritated, especially over trivial matters

易怒的, 暴躁的

Ex: Despite his peevish demeanor , she remained patient and tried to address his concerns calmly .尽管他**易怒**的举止，她仍然保持耐心，并试图平静地解决他的担忧。

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waspish

[形容词]

easily irritated and likely to speak or act in a sharp, stinging, or spiteful manner

易怒的, 脾气暴躁的

Ex: A waspish comment from her ended the conversation abruptly .她的一句**尖刻的**评论突然结束了对话。

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crotchety

[形容词]

bad-tempered or prone to complaining

脾气坏的, 爱抱怨的

Ex: The long trip left him feeling crotchety, and he snapped at his friends .长途旅行让他感到**烦躁**，他对朋友们**发火了**。

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curt

[形容词]

abruptly brief in a way that is considered as impatient, dismissive, or impolite

简慢的, 简洁的

Ex: When I asked for help again, she gave me a curt "No" without further explanation.当我再次请求帮助时，她给了我一个**简短**的“不”，没有进一步的解释。

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pugnacious

[形容词]

eager to start a fight or argument

好斗的, 好争吵的

Ex: The pugnacious young man frequently found himself in disputes over trivial matters .那个**好斗的**年轻人经常因为琐事与人发生争执。

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abrasive

[形容词]

behaving in a mean and disrespectful manner with no concern for others

粗鲁的, 令人不快的

Ex: Despite his skills , his abrasive personality made it hard for him to collaborate .尽管他有技能，但他** abrasive **的性格使他难以合作。

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asperity

[名词]

harshness or sharpness of tone, manner, or temper

Ex: Despite her usual calm , there was asperity in her reply .

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austere

[形容词]

having a serious or rigid manner

严肃的, 严格的

Ex: The austere look on his face suggested he was upset or disapproving .他脸上的**严肃**表情表明他不高兴或不赞成。

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brusque

[形容词]

abrupt or curt in manner or speech, often coming across as rude or impatient

唐突的, 粗鲁的

Ex: She found it challenging to communicate with him due to his brusque and dismissive attitude.由于他**唐突**和轻蔑的态度，她发现与他沟通很有挑战性。

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callous

[形容词]

showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for the feelings or suffering of others

无情的, 残酷的

Ex: The teacher 's callous treatment of students who struggled with the material created a negative learning environment .老师对那些在材料上挣扎的学生的**冷酷**对待造成了负面的学习环境。

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crass

[形容词]

lacking sensitivity, refinement, or tact, often displaying vulgarity or rudeness

粗鲁的, 庸俗的

Ex: Despite his wealth , his crass displays of opulence only served to alienate him from his peers .尽管他很富有，但他**粗俗**的炫富行为只会让他与同龄人疏远。

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obstreperous

[形容词]

behaving in a wild or forceful manner that causes chaos

喧闹的, 难以管束的

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truculence

[名词]

a hostile, aggressive attitude marked by a refusal to cooperate or submit

好斗性, 敌对且拒不合作的态度

Ex: Years of mistreatment had fueled the worker 's truculence toward management .多年的虐待助长了工人对管理层的 **攻击性**。

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to abominate

[动词]

to hate something or someone intensely

憎恶, 极度厌恶

Ex: We abominate corruption in government and demand transparency and accountability .我们**憎恶**政府中的腐败，并要求透明度和问责制。

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animus

[名词]

a deep-seated feeling of hostility and ill will directed at someone or something

敌意, 怨恨

Ex: Some groups maintain animus against certain scientific theories that conflict with their core doctrines .一些团体对与其核心教义相冲突的某些科学理论保持**敌意**。

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antipathy

[名词]

a strong feeling of hatred, opposition, or hostility

反感, 厌恶

Ex: Despite their antipathy, they managed to work together on the project.尽管他们有**反感**，但他们还是设法在项目上合作。

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to appall

[动词]

to shock or horrify someone, causing them to feel alarmed or deeply unpleasantly surprised

使震惊, 使惊骇

Ex: The extent of the environmental damage caused by the oil spill appalled environmentalists worldwide.石油泄漏造成的环境破坏程度令全世界的环保主义者感到**震惊**。

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averse

[形容词]

strongly opposed to something

不愿意的, 反对的

Ex: I ’m not averse to trying new activities , but I prefer something low-key .我不**反对**尝试新的活动，但我更喜欢低调的东西。

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to begrudge

[动词]

to feel jealous or irritated because someone possesses something one desires

嫉妒, 怨恨

Ex: We begrudged our colleague 's vacation time and wished we could take a break from work too .我们**嫉妒**同事的休假时间，希望自己也能从工作中休息一下。

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bellicose

[形容词]

displaying a willingness to start an argument, fight, or war

好战的, 挑衅的

Ex: Jake 's bellicose attitude often leads to arguments with his classmates .Jake的**好斗**态度经常导致与同学发生争执。

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baleful

[形容词]

having or likely to have a harmful or evil effect

有害的, 恶意的

Ex: The dog watched him with baleful eyes , low growl in its throat .狗用**恶意的**眼睛看着他，喉咙里发出低沉的咆哮。

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formidable

[形容词]

commanding great respect or fear due to having exceptional strength, excellence, or capabilities

强大的, 令人印象深刻的

Ex: The mountain presented a formidable challenge to the climbers .这座山对登山者提出了** formidable **的挑战。

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internecine

[形容词]

involving deadly or violent conflict where all parties suffer severe losses

内部的, 毁灭性的

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invidious

[形容词]

causing offense or unhappiness due to being prejudice or unjust

不公正的, 令人不快的

Ex: The manager 's invidious favoritism was noticeable to everyone in the office .经理的**不公正**偏袒在办公室中人人可见。

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minatory

[形容词]

giving the impression of a threat or suggesting something harmful or dangerous is likely to happen

威胁性的, 令人不安的

Ex: The villain's minatory words hinted at what was to come.反派的**威胁性**话语暗示了即将发生的事情。

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inimical

[形容词]

not useful for friendly relations or mutual cooperation

敌对的, 对抗的

Ex: The inimical comments made by the politician towards minority groups sparked outrage and condemnation from the public .政治家对少数群体的**敌意**评论引发了公众的愤怒和谴责。

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blatant

[形容词]

done openly and shamelessly, with no effort to hide or disguise

公然的, 无耻的

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noisome

[形容词]

extremely repulsive and unpleasant, particularly to the sense of smell

令人厌恶的, 恶臭的

Ex: The noisome smell of spoiled food permeated the kitchen and was unbearable.腐烂食物的**恶臭**弥漫在厨房里，令人难以忍受。

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aloof

[形容词]

unfriendly or reluctant to socializing

冷淡的, 疏远的

Ex: The new student remained aloof on the first day of school , making it challenging for others to approach her .新同学在开学第一天表现得**冷淡**，这让其他人难以接近她。

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offish

[形容词]

distant and reserved in manner, showing little warmth or friendliness

疏远的, 矜持的

Ex: Do n't take her offish manner personally , she 's just shy .不要把她**冷淡的**态度当成是针对个人，她只是害羞。

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vindictive

[形容词]

showing a strong desire or tendency to seek revenge

报复性的, 怀恨在心的

Ex: The vindictive ex-boyfriend spread false rumors to damage her reputation .**怀恨在心的**前男友散布虚假谣言以损害她的声誉。

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misanthrope

[名词]

someone who dislikes, distrusts, or hates other human beings

厌世者, 厌恶或不信任人类的人

Ex: After years of betrayal by friends and family , she became a misanthrope who distrusted everyone around her .在被朋友和家人背叛多年后，她成了一个不信任周围任何人的**厌世者**。

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curmudgeon

[名词]

a bad-tempered person who is easily annoyed and angered, usually old in age

脾气暴躁的人, 爱发牢骚的人

Ex: Everyone avoided the curmudgeon who lived next door due to his constant complaints .由于他不断的抱怨，每个人都避开了住在隔壁的**脾气暴躁的人**。

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termagant

[名词]

a woman who is harsh-tempered, constantly scolding, and often quarrelsome

悍妇, 泼妇

Ex: Living with a termagant wore down his patience .与一个**泼妇**生活消磨了他的耐心。

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rabid

[形容词]

intensely fervent or fanatical in beliefs or actions

狂热的, 狂信的

Ex: The author 's rabid fanbase eagerly awaited each new book release , lining up for hours to get their hands on a copy .作者的**狂热**粉丝群热切期待每一本新书的发布，排队数小时以获得一本。

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acrimonious

[形容词]

including a lot of anger, harsh arguments and negative emotions

尖刻的, 激烈的

Ex: The political debate was so acrimonious that it overshadowed any meaningful discussion of the issues .政治辩论如此**尖刻**，以至于掩盖了对问题的任何有意义的讨论。

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loath

[形容词]

unwilling to do something due to a lack of will, motivation, or consent

不情愿的, 不愿意的

Ex: The company was loath to invest in the new project without a detailed report .公司**不愿意**在没有详细报告的情况下投资新项目。

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剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度）

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