کمبریج آیلتس 19 - آکادمیک - آزمون 3 - شنیدن - بخش 4 (1)

a talk given to an audience about a particular subject to educate them, particularly at a university or college

very small plastic pieces in the environment that originate from personal care products, clothing, etc. and the degradation of other plastic products

knowledge or understanding of a specific situation, fact, or issue

to be subjected to or experience a particular reaction or feedback from others

existing or spreading among many people, groups, or communities through communication, influence, or awareness

special care or treatment given to someone or something

water that does not contain salt and is suitable for consumption

to a degree that is higher than usual

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

by means of a particular person, system, etc.

a thin strand of material, such as cotton, nylon, or silk, used for sewing or weaving

to become separated or disconnected from something else

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

a facility that provides a source of water

(in mathematics, chemistry, or grammar) to break into smaller parts or components, especially for a detailed analysis or examination

too small to be seen with the naked eye

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

the size, amount, or degree of one thing compared with another

a rubber covering filled with air that fits around a vehicle's wheel to help it move smoothly and safely on the road

to become damaged through regular use

a large, heavy motor vehicle designed for transporting goods or materials over long distances

used to show that a list could continue in the same way without naming everything

travel along a certain course

any living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.

to physically harm something

to cause something to become weak or less effective

to become stuck or fixed in a particular position, often in a way that is difficult to remove

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

against what might be expected

having a possibility of happening or being the case

to eat or drink something

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

something that is created or grown for sale

drinking water (often spring water) that is put into bottles and offered for sale

an object that controls the flow of liquid or gas from a container or pipe

used to introduce an additional point or emphasize an even greater extent of what has been previously mentioned

any sea creature that is eaten as food such as fish, shrimp, seaweed, and shellfish

to have or hold something within or include something as a part of a larger entity or space

to emphasize the importance of something by making it seem more noticeable

providing clear and final evidence or proof, leaving no doubt or uncertainty

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

important or great enough to be noticed or have an impact

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

to not let someone do something

a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products

a liquid soap used in the shower that creates a foamy lather to cleanse and refresh the skin

a soft and thick substance we put on a toothbrush to clean our teeth

in a way that has no errors or mistakes

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

to place or fix something in a specific location

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

relating to the face or its appearance

a substance that is used to clean a surface, especially a cosmetic that cleans the skin

a way or method that leads to a certain goal or result

a very small, round piece of plastic usually added to products like soap, toothpaste, or face scrubs to help clean surfaces like skin or teeth

a very thin, soft, and strong fabric made from tiny man-made threads, often used for cleaning cloths and towels