Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (3)

radio waves used as a medium for broadcasting television and radio programs

to cause a change in a person, thing, etc.

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

with regard to using language effectively and persuasively, often with the intention of influencing or impressing an audience

persuasive in a way that captures attention or convinces effectively

used to introduce a hypothetical or conditional situation that contrasts with reality, implying that regardless of whether a certain condition is fulfilled or not, the outcome or action mentioned will still occur

to complete a task or project successfully

the range or extent of something, such as influence or ability to affect

intended or designed to improve or correct a bad or undesirable situation

to present information or ideas in a particular way to shape perception or understanding

to foster mental, moral, or aesthetic development

to make someone more aware or responsive to a particular issue, feeling, or situation

to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

the quality of being useful when applied

someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject, especially in the humanities

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

to recognize and mentally separate two things, people, etc.

in a way that can be clearly shown or proven

to build something upon a certain foundation or principle, or to use it as a starting point for further growth or development

to examine something or someone very carefully and thoroughly

with intense emotion, strong enthusiasm, or deep devotion

toward making progress or advancing in a particular area or goal

used to say that there is no doubt something is true or is the case

requiring a lot of mental effort and hard work

relating to or based on theory or logical reasoning rather than practical experience or application

the act of carefully thinking about something over a period of time

the act of keeping something in good condition or proper working condition

acknowledgment or approval given to someone or something for their achievements, qualities, or actions

used to refer to someone who shares similarities with one such as job, interest, etc. or is in the same situation

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

the state or quality of being important, well-known, or noticeable

in a manner indicating a lack of quantity or quality

an agreement reached by all members of a group

to begin to exist or become noticeable

the quality of being capable of making mistakes or being wrong

functioning as a unified unit, with various parts or elements working together harmoniously

referring to a single item or entity

(of things) having had a certain state or condition in the past

something imagined to solve all problems

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

in a manner that refers to the essential aspects of something

to cause something to change

to give a brief description of something excluding the details

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

to make something easier or less complex to understand, do, etc.

an organized group of people who work together for a specific purpose, especially in a formal or official role

in an exact way, often emphasizing correctness or clarity

separate and different in a way that is easily recognized

remaining unchanged and stable in degree, amount, or condition

a serious disagreement or argument, often involving opposing interests or ideas

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

a lack of belief or confidence in the truth or honesty of something or someone

done or happening regularly

a mental process or activity that involves performing tasks such as thinking, analyzing, or problem-solving

causing doubt or suspicion

to suggest that something is probable or certain

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

to strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it

to describe something better, larger, worse, etc. than it truly is

a process of change or development that happens over time

the ability to access, understand, and critically evaluate media content, recognizing its influence and potential bias

to take part in or become involved with something actively

a doubting or questioning attitude towards ideas, beliefs, or claims that are generally accepted